Statistical Analysis Of The Beef Data
Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS for Windows, version 20.0 . Distributions of all variables were tested via KolmogorovSmirnov tests. Descriptive statistics were determined for all variables. The beef fat content was normally distributed. The vitamin D3, vitamin D2, 25D3, 25D2, and total vitamin D activity of beef were nonnormally distributed. A log transformation of total vitamin D activity achieved a near-normal distribution, whereas various transformations of vitamin D3, vitamin D2, 25D3, and 25D2 did not improve the normality. A 1-factor ANOVA followed by Tukeyâs test were used to compare the mean total vitamin D activity and fat content of beef steaks from the 4 different sampling points, whereas KruskalWallis tests followed by MannWhitney tests were used for comparison of vitamin D3, vitamin D2, 25D3, and 25D2 contents of the meat.
Beef fat has been shown to have a higher content of vitamin D3, and possibly 25D3, than lean beef meat therefore, in an additional analysis, differences in fat content of the striploin steaks sampled from different seasons were accounted for in a regression model. The exploration of whether vitamin D2 and/or 25D2 was evident in Irish meats other than beef was guided by the presence of contents above the LOD for these compounds, and not subjected to statistical testing.
Is Vitamin D Checked In A Cbc
A CBC helps your health professional check any symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, or bruising, that you may have. A CBC also helps diagnose conditions such as anemia, infection, and many other disorders. The Vitamin D 25-Hydroxy Blood Test is often ordered for individuals that have symptoms of vitamin D deficiency.
Why Is A 25
Your doctor may request a 25-hydroxy vitamin D test for several different reasons. It can help them figure out whether too much or too little vitamin D is causing bone weakness or other abnormalities. It can also monitor people who are at risk for having a vitamin D deficiency.
Those who are at high risk of having low levels of vitamin D include:
- people who dont get much exposure to the sun
- babies who are breastfed only
- people who have had gastric bypass surgery
- people who have a disease that affects the intestines and makes it difficult for the body to absorb nutrients, such as Crohns disease
Your doctor may also want you to do a 25-hydroxy vitamin D test if theyve already diagnosed you with a vitamin D deficiency and want to see if treatment is working.
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Pinpointing A Healthy Vitamin D Level Is Tricky
So, what is the current cutoff value at which people are considered low, and thus at risk for developing bone thinning and having fractures? Ah. This is where there is a lot of argument.
In 2010, the venerable Institute of Medicine issued a report based on lengthy examination of data by a group of experts. To sum up, they estimated that a vitamin D level of 20 ng/mL or higher was adequate for good bone health, and subsequently a level below 20 was considered a vitamin D deficiency.
In my practice, and in most, it is not uncommon to see a vitamin D level less than 20. When that happens, we tell the patient that they are deficient and recommend fairly aggressive replenishment, as well as ongoing supplementation. The majority of folks have a level between 20 and 40, in my experience, and this is corroborated by the IOMs findings in that 2010 report.
But in 2011, the respected Endocrine Society issued a report urging a much, much higher minimum blood level of vitamin D. At that time, their experts concluded: Based on all the evidence, at a minimum, we recommend vitamin D levels of 30 ng/mL, and because of the vagaries of some of the assays, to guarantee sufficiency, we recommend between 40 and 60 ng/mL for both children and adults.
Testing Your Patients For Vitamin D12
Many physicians recognize the importance of testing vitamin D levels in their high-risk patients, such as older adults and those who are dark-skinned or receive little or no sun exposure. Patients with low vitamin D levels are at risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as cancer and respiratory disease. Patients who are pregnant or lactating should be tested too, since they represent another high-risk group. Deficiency in pregnancy can lead to preeclampsia, and deficiency while lactating can cause rickets in infants.
An important part of the testing process is advising patients on their vitamin D supplementation needs based on their test results. Heres what you need to know.
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Based On Years Of Patient Testing And Data Analysis We Have Updated Our Laboratory Report Reference Range To Reflect That Values Between 20
This raises the issue: is normal the same thing as optimal? Not necessarily. The Vitamin D Council places the ideal level between 40 and 80 ng/mL with levels below 20 ng/mL as deficient. The Endocrine Society has a Clinical Practice Guideline on the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency. This guideline recommends a minimum vitamin D level of 20 ng/mL, but to guarantee sufficiency they recommend between 30 and 50 ng/mL for both children and adults. In contrast, the Vitamin D Council states that even levels between 30 and 40 ng/mL are still not quite sufficient. On the other end of the spectrum, results that fall between 80 and 100 ng/mL are not achievable naturally that is, they are only reached with some form of vitamin D supplementation. So, while they are not harmful levels, they are instead reflective of supplementation and therefore not what would be detected in a “normal” patient population.
Vitamin D2/d3 25 Hydroxy By Lc
NEW YORK DOH APPROVED: YESCPT Code: Includes:ABN Requirement: SynonymsSpecimenVolumeContainer:
Collection:
Serum:
Special Instructions: Minimize sample exposure to direct sunlight.
Transport: Store plasma at 2°C to 8°C after collection and ship the same day per packaging instructions provided with the Cleveland HeartLab shipping box.
Stability:
Ambient : 21 daysRefrigerated : 21 daysFrozen : 185 daysDeep frozen : 185 days
Causes for Rejection: Specimens other than EDTA plasma or serum improper labeling samples not stored properly samples older than stability limits or grossly hemolyzed samples.
Methodology: High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Turn Around Time: 3 to 5 days
Relative Risk Status of Vitamin D Sufficiency
| Age |
|---|
Use: Monitoring vitamin D status
AWARDS AND RECOGNITION
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What Does Vitamin D Do
Vitamin D is one of several different nutrients that the human body needs to support the skeletal system. Many bone diseases can be treated and prevented by maintaining the recommended vitamin D blood levels.
Vitamin D is also critical for keeping your blood vessels healthy, which can prevent people from developing high blood pressure. Some people suffering from other diseases related to the heart, bones, and skin also benefit from increased vitamin D consumption.
WebMD credits vitamin D for its role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and vitiligo. Vitamin D supplements and injections are also being tested as a possible treatment for other blood and skin related diseases.
While vitamin D is important to the bones, it also works in conjunction with other vitamins to keep the human body functioning normally. Being deficient in vitamin D may make it more difficult for your body to absorb and produce other necessary nutrients.
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How To Increase Vitamin D Levels
People can get at least some of their daily vitamin D from exposure to sunlight.However, as light levels vary, depending on location and the time of year, a person may not be able to get all the vitamin D they need from sunlight.
A 2019 study in Switzerland found that only 1015 minutes of sun exposure per day was enough to provide 1,000 IU of vitamin D in spring and summer. However, getting this amount in fall and winter was unrealistic, requiring someone to spend over 6 hours a day outdoors.
This suggests that people who live in colder climates, or who spend most of their time indoors, may benefit from vitamin D supplements. However, a person should talk to their doctor before taking vitamin D, as it can interact with some medications.
Sunlight can also cause skin damage and sunburn, so it is essential to use sunscreen when spending time outside.
A study on Australian office workers found that applying sunscreen meant people could spend more time outdoors, leading to higher vitamin D levels overall.
People can also get some of their vitamin D from food. According to the , food sources of vitamin D include:
- oily fish, such as mackerel, tuna, and trout
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Vitamin D Toxicity Rare In People Who Take Supplements Mayo Clinic Study Finds
Over the past decade, numerous studies have shown that many Americans have low vitamin D levels and as a result, vitamin D supplement use has climbed in recent years. Vitamin D has been shown to boost bone health and it may play a role in preventing diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other illnesses. In light of the increased use of vitamin D supplements, Mayo Clinic researchers set out to learn more about the health of those with high vitamin D levels. They found that toxic levels are actually rare.
Their study appears in the May issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
A vitamin D level greater than 50 nanograms per milliliter is considered high. Vitamin D levels are determined by a blood test called a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D blood test. A normal level is 20-50 ng/mL, and deficiency is considered anything less than 20 ng/mL, according the Institute of Medicine .
MEDIA CONTACT: Sharon Theimer, Mayo Clinic Public Affairs, 507-284-5005, Email:
The researchers analyzed data collected between 2002 and 2011 from patients in the Rochester Epidemiology Project, a National Institutes of Health-funded medical records pool that makes Olmsted County, Minn., the home of Mayo Clinic, one of the few places worldwide where scientists can study virtually an entire geographic population to identify health trends.
Of 20,308 measurements, 8 percent of the people who had their vitamin D measured had levels greater than 50 ng/mL, and less than 1 percent had levels over 100 ng/mL.
About Our Vitamin D 25
This test measures Vitamin D 25-Hydroxy levels in the blood to check for vitamin D deficiencies. The major function of vitamin D in humans is maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Individuals who are interested in vitamin D testing related to hypocalcemia and/or monitoring renal osteodystrophy or chronic renal failure should order our Vitamin D 25-Dihydroxy Test, not this test.
Vitamin D is absorbed through sunlight, food, and drinks that contain it. After being consumed Vitamin D turns into Vitamin D 25-Hydroxy . This fat-soluble vitamin plays a major growth and development of bones and teeth. Typically, Vitamin Ds most common subcategories are Vitamin D2 and D3 Vitamin D2 comes from digesting vitamin D from plant and fungal food sources, and vitamin D3 is absorbed via the skin when it takes in sunlight.
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Normal Healthy And Optimum Level Of 25
Singh G1* and Drees BM1
1Department of Pathology, Georgia Regents University Medical Center, USA
2Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, USA
*Corresponding author: Singh G, Department of Pathology, Georgia Regents University Medical Center 1120, 15th Street, BI 2008 A, Augusta, GA 30912
Received: March 19, 2015 Accepted: April 20, 2015 May 04, 2015
What Is The Normal Range For Vitamin D In A Blood Test
Your body uses vitamin D for maintaining healthy bones and effectively absorbing calcium. Not having enough vitamin D in your system may raise your risk of osteoporosis, bone malformations, cancer, inflammation and suppressed immunity. A simple blood test can give you accurate results and help you determine if your vitamin D levels are in the healthy range.
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Why Take A Vitamin D Test
The Vitamin D screening test can be very helpful for those with an illness that could interfere with how the body is absorbing fat, namely those with Crohn disease and cystic fibrosis.
If you had undergone a gastric bypass, this test can help you assess whether your body is being able to receive its recommended doses of Vitamin D as it is a fat-soluble vitamin normally absorbed in the intestines. Finally, ordering the vitamin D test can help you determine the effectiveness of your vitamin supplementation.
When Should You Take Vitamin D2 Supplements
Many multivitamins contain vitamin D. However, taking vitamin D supplements in high concentrations is only necessary when there is a medical need.
The Office of Dietary Supplements categorizes vitamin D deficiency into four major groups. While three of these groups focus on people that do not get enough vitamin D, there is also a group that refers to vitamin D overdose.
The amount of vitamin D contained in most multivitamins may help you to maintain healthy vitamin D blood levels. If you already spend a substantial amount of time in the sun and eat lots of foods that are rich in vitamin D, you may want to avoid taking supplements.
The vitamin D supplements that are normally prescribed to patients with a vitamin D deficiency have a very high dosage. In some cases, vitamin D deficiency may be treated with vitamin D injection therapy or artificial light treatments.
These extreme treatments are almost always reserved for patients that have life-threatening diseases that are a result of vitamin D deficiency.
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Why The Test Is Performed
This test is done to determine if you have too much or too little vitamin D in your blood. Screening of all adults, even when pregnant, for low vitamin D levels is generally not recommended.
However, screening may be done on people who are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency, such as those who:
- Are over the age of 65
- Are taking certain medicines, such as phenytoin
- Have osteoporosis or thin bones
- Have limited sun exposure
- Have problems absorbing vitamins and nutrients in their intestines, such as those with ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, or celiac disease
Can I Take The Test At Home
Several at-home test kits are commercially available that allow you to provide a blood sample for vitamin D testing. Some kits test only your vitamin D levels, and others test vitamin D in combination with additional measurements, such as other vitamins and minerals or C-reactive protein.
Vitamin D home collection kits may be purchased online and include the materials you need to take a finger prick sample of blood that is returned by mail to the testing company to analyze. Your at-home vitamin D test results are usually reported to you via a secure online platform.
At-home testing can be convenient and enable you to participate in your health care, but at-home tests cannot replace working with a health care professional. If you have symptoms of an abnormal level of vitamin D, be sure to share your concerns with your health care provider. If an at-home test detects a vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, or toxicity, your doctor will likely recommend retesting your vitamin D level to confirm the result.
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Why Normal Levels Can Differ Across Different Labs
Each laboratory must establish its own normal ranges for vitamin D in the blood. These ranges depend on the makeup of the local population, the technologies used and the accuracy of the measurement. There may be also slight differences in the normal levels, according to age, gender, race or ethnic origin, geographic region, diet, type of sample and other relevant status.
Your doctor will study the results along with your medical record, screenings, physical condition, symptoms and any other relevant information about your situation.
Vitamin D levels depend on the exposure to the sunlight. They show seasonal variation with the highest concentrations in summer or fall and the lowest concentrations in winter or spring. In addition, the production of vitamin D has been reported to decrease with age.
The values shown above refer to the 25-hydroxy vitamin D test which is the main circulating form of vitamin D in the blood. However, there is also a test to measure the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the blood and the normal ranges for it are 15 to 60 pg/mL .
The Zrt Laboratory Blog
If you have ever had your level of Vitamin D tested, depending on which lab you used, your report showing whether your level is low, normal, or high might have left you scratching your head. In fact, there are multiple agencies all with slightly different opinions on what levels are deficient, insufficient, sufficient, high, or toxic.
When testing with ZRT, you will receive a result that is reflective of your total 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D status in blood. This is the storage form of vitamin D, which is converted by the kidneys to the biologically active form, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
Vitamin D3 is involved in numerous biological processes such as immune system modulation, insulin sensitivity, hormone and neurotransmitter homeostasis, and is essential for ensuring calcium absorption in the bones. Dietary sources of vitamin D include foods such as cows milk, fish, egg yolk, and pork. Sunlight exposure and supplements are two other main sources of vitamin D that will contribute to reaching an optimal vitamin D status for health. Those of you who are not living in a sunny climate year-round will be hard-pressed to maintain a healthy level of vitamin D by relying on sunlight alone.
Reference Range
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